Science and TechnologySEE 2074
a) What is an operating system? [1] b) Write any four functions of an operating system. [4]
5Answer
a) Operating System
An operating system (OS) is system software that manages the computer’s hardware resources and provides a common platform for running application programs. It acts as an intermediary between users, application software and the hardware, handling tasks such as memory allocation, process scheduling, input‑output control and file management.
b) Functions of an Operating System
| No. | Function | Brief Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Process Management | Creates, schedules, and terminates processes; allocates CPU time using algorithms (e.g., round‑robin, priority) to ensure multitasking. |
| 2 | Memory Management | Controls the allocation and de‑allocation of primary memory to processes, maintains a memory map, and implements techniques such as paging or segmentation. |
| 3 | File System Management | Organises data on storage devices, provides hierarchical directories, and controls file creation, deletion, reading, writing and protection. |
| 4 | Device Management | Manages input‑output devices through device drivers, handles buffering, spooling and error detection, and provides a uniform interface for applications. |
These functions enable efficient, secure and user‑friendly operation of a computer system.
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