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Science and TechnologySEE 2075

Which metal is extracted from bauxite?

1

Answer

· Based on the official syllabus and past papers
Updated

The metal extracted from bauxite is aluminium.

Bauxite is the primary ore of aluminium and is composed mainly of aluminium hydroxide minerals such as gibbsite (Al(OH)₃), boehmite (γ-AlO(OH)), and diaspore (α-AlO(OH)), along with impurities like iron oxides, silica, and titanium dioxide. The extraction process involves several key steps:

  1. Bayer Process: Bauxite is crushed and treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to dissolve aluminium hydroxide, forming sodium aluminate (NaAl(OH)₄). Impurities are filtered out.
  2. Precipitation: Aluminium hydroxide is precipitated by seeding the solution with fine particles of aluminium hydroxide.
  3. Calcination: The precipitated aluminium hydroxide is heated to produce aluminium oxide (Al₂O₃), also known as alumina.
  4. Electrolysis (Hall-Héroult Process): Alumina is dissolved in molten cryolite (Na₃AlF₆) and electrolyzed to produce molten aluminium metal.

This process is energy-intensive but essential for obtaining pure aluminium from bauxite.

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