a) Write a short paragraph on the causes of drug addiction. [2] b) Write a letter to your teacher requesting him/her to reduce your fine for late submission of an assignment. [3]

a) Causes of Drug Addiction

Drug addiction is a complex issue influenced by a combination of biological, psychological, social, and environmental factors. Biologically, some individuals may have a genetic predisposition to addiction, meaning their brain chemistry makes them more susceptible to the effects of drugs. Psychological factors such as stress, anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, or trauma can drive people toward substance abuse as a coping mechanism. Social influences, including peer pressure, family history of addiction, or exposure to drug use in social circles, also play a significant role. Environmental factors like poverty, lack of education, unemployment, and easy accessibility to drugs further exacerbate the problem. Additionally, media portrayal of drug use as glamorous or a solution to problems can mislead young minds. Lack of awareness about the dangers of drugs and poor decision-making skills in adolescence contribute to experimentation, which often leads to addiction. Finally, mental health disorders untreated or mismanaged can increase vulnerability to substance abuse.

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b) Letter to the Teacher Requesting Reduction of Fine

Sender's address & dateKathmanduDate: 2070/03/15

SalutationDear Sir/Madam,

Body

I hope this letter finds you in good health. I am writing to humbly request you to reconsider the fine imposed on me for the late submission of my English assignment. I understand that punctuality and discipline are essential, and I sincerely apologize for my negligence.

The reason for the delay was an unexpected family emergency that required my immediate attention. I had to travel to my village for a few days to assist my ailing grandmother, and upon my return, I realized the assignment was overdue. I assure you that this situation was beyond my control, and I take full responsibility for not submitting the work on time.

I have learned a valuable lesson from this experience and will ensure that such a situation does not recur in the future. I have already completed the assignment and would like to submit it along with this letter. Kindly consider reducing the fine or waiving it off, as I am genuinely remorseful and committed to improving my performance.

I would be deeply grateful if you could grant me this request. Thank you for your understanding and support. I look forward to your positive response.

Closing & signatureYours sincerely,Ramesh AdhikariClass: 11, Roll No.: 12St. Xavier’s International School