Describe any two national objectives and any three national strategies of current plan of Nepal. [2+3]

National Objectives of the Current Plan (15th Five-Year Plan, 2076/77–2080/81)

The 15th Five-Year Plan (2076/77–2080/81) of Nepal, titled "Accelerated and Inclusive Growth", outlines key national objectives to achieve sustainable development. Two major objectives are:

1. Poverty Reduction and Inclusive Growth The plan prioritizes reducing poverty and inequality by ensuring equitable access to economic opportunities, social services, and infrastructure. It aims to lift vulnerable groups (women, Dalits, indigenous communities, and marginalized regions) out of poverty through targeted interventions like social protection programs, employment generation, and access to basic services.

2. Sustainable and Resilient Development Nepal faces challenges like climate change, natural disasters, and environmental degradation. The plan emphasizes climate resilience, sustainable resource management, and disaster risk reduction to ensure long-term economic stability. Key actions include renewable energy expansion, forest conservation, and infrastructure built to withstand disasters.

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National Strategies of the Current Plan

The plan employs three major strategies to achieve its objectives:

1. Infrastructure Development and Connectivity

   • Road and Transport: Expansion of national highways, rural roads, and air connectivity to reduce isolation in remote areas.
   • Energy: Accelerated construction of hydropower projects, solar energy grids, and transmission lines to ensure 24/7 electricity access.
   • Digital Infrastructure: Strengthening broadband connectivity, e-governance, and digital literacy programs to bridge the urban-rural divide.

2. Human Resource Development and Employment

   • Education and Skills: Focus on vocational training, STEM education, and digital skills to align with labor market demands.
   • Youth Employment: Initiatives like skill development centers, entrepreneurship programs, and job fairs to reduce youth unemployment (currently ~10–15%).
   • Women Empowerment: Policies to increase female workforce participation (currently ~40%) through childcare support, workplace safety, and leadership training.

3. Climate Change Adaptation and Environmental Sustainability

   • Renewable Energy Transition: Target of 20% of total energy from renewables by 2025 (currently ~25% hydropower, minimal solar/wind).
   • Forest and Biodiversity Conservation: Reforestation drives, community-based forest management, and wildlife protection to combat deforestation (~1.4% annual loss).
   • Disaster Preparedness: Strengthening early warning systems, community resilience programs, and post-disaster recovery plans (e.g., floods, landslides).

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The plan also integrates gender equality, federalism alignment, and private sector partnerships to ensure holistic progress. These strategies are monitored through quarterly progress reviews and stakeholder consultations.