a) Write a short paragraph on the causes of poverty. [2] b) Write a letter to your father requesting him to send you some money. [3]

a) Causes of Poverty

Poverty is a complex issue that arises from a combination of economic, social, and environmental factors. Lack of education is one of the primary causes, as it limits individuals' ability to secure well-paying jobs and improve their economic status. Many poor families cannot afford to send their children to school, perpetuating a cycle of illiteracy and poverty across generations.

Unemployment and underemployment also contribute significantly to poverty. When people lack stable jobs or are forced into low-wage work, their income is insufficient to meet basic needs like food, shelter, and healthcare. Additionally, economic inequality exacerbates poverty, as wealth concentrates in the hands of a few, leaving the majority struggling to survive.

Natural disasters and climate change further worsen poverty by destroying livelihoods, crops, and infrastructure. In developing countries like Nepal, where agriculture is a primary source of income, droughts, floods, and landslides can devastate entire communities. Political instability and corruption also play a role by diverting resources away from public services like healthcare and education, which are essential for reducing poverty.

Finally, lack of access to basic services such as clean water, sanitation, and healthcare keeps people trapped in poverty. Without these necessities, families face higher healthcare costs and lower productivity, reinforcing the cycle of deprivation.

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b) Letter to Father Requesting Money

Sender's address & datePokhara, NepalDate: 2070-11-15

SalutationDear Father,

Body

I hope this letter finds you in good health and high spirits. I am writing to inform you that I am doing well here in Pokhara, though I am facing some financial difficulties. As you know, the tuition fees for this semester are due next week, and I have already paid half of the amount. However, I still need an additional Rs. 10,000 to complete the payment and cover my daily expenses.

I have been managing with the money you sent last month, but the cost of books, stationery, and food has increased. Additionally, I have been saving a little for an upcoming trip to Chitwan National Park with my classmates, which is an educational tour organized by our school. The total cost for the trip is Rs. 15,000, and I have already saved Rs. 5,000 from my pocket money.

I understand that money is tight, especially after the recent expenses at home, but I kindly request you to send me Rs. 10,000 at your earliest convenience. I promise to use the money wisely and will keep you updated on my progress. Please do not worry about my studies; I am working hard and maintaining good grades. I will ensure that I do not ask for more unless absolutely necessary.

Thank you, Father, for always supporting me. Your encouragement and guidance mean the world to me. I look forward to your positive response. Give my regards to Mother and everyone at home.

Closing & signatureYour loving son,Rohan AdhikariGrade 11, St. Xavier’s School, Pokhara