2. Write short answers to the following questions in about 75 words each. [5×2=10] a) How does the young man understand the value of neighbours at the end of the story ? (Neighbours) [2] b) Why was…

a) How does the young man understand the value of neighbours at the end of the story? (Neighbours)

At the end of the story "Neighbours" by Saki, the young man, initially arrogant and dismissive of his neighbours, comes to a profound realization about their importance. After his wife’s death, he is left alone in the world, surrounded by the same neighbours who had once seemed trivial to him. The story reveals that his wife had been the only person who truly understood and cared for him, but her absence leaves him isolated. The neighbours, though not close, represent the broader community that provides comfort, companionship, and a sense of belonging. The young man finally understands that neighbours are not just distant acquaintances but essential figures in one’s life, offering emotional support and a shared existence. Their presence becomes a lifeline, reminding him of the value of human connection in times of loneliness.

---

b) Why was there a change in the perception of Mrs. Baroda towards Gouvernail? (A Respectable Woman)

Mrs. Baroda’s perception of Gouvernail undergoes a significant transformation due to his subtle yet profound influence on her life. Initially, she views him as a mere employee—a young, unassuming man with little social standing. However, Gouvernail’s quiet intelligence, refined manners, and genuine interest in her well-being gradually win her trust. His presence in her life brings a sense of companionship and intellectual stimulation, which she had lacked. Over time, she begins to see him not just as an employee but as a confidant and a source of emotional fulfillment. His ability to understand her unspoken desires and provide subtle yet meaningful support makes her realize that he is far more than she initially perceived. This shift in perception is rooted in Gouvernail’s ability to bridge the gap between their social statuses, making her appreciate him as an equal rather than an inferior.

---

OR

Briefly describe the character of Rakesh as an 'anti-hero'. (A Devoted Son)

Rakesh, the protagonist of "A Devoted Son" by Rabindranath Tagore, embodies the traits of an anti-hero—a character who defies conventional heroism yet remains morally complex and relatable. Unlike traditional heroes, Rakesh is not driven by selfless altruism but by a mix of duty, guilt, and personal ambition. His devotion to his ailing mother stems from a sense of obligation rather than pure love, and his actions often reflect selfish motives, such as securing his father’s inheritance. His emotional detachment and manipulative tendencies (e.g., exploiting his mother’s illness for personal gain) make him flawed and morally ambiguous. Yet, his struggles with conscience and societal expectations humanize him, making him an anti-hero—a character who challenges idealized notions of heroism while remaining deeply flawed yet sympathetic.

---

c) How does the poet compare the beauty of sunrise with childhood? (A Day)

In "A Day" by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, the poet draws a striking parallel between the sunrise and childhood, both symbolizing renewal, innocence, and fleeting beauty. The sunrise, with its soft glow and promise of a new day, mirrors the purity and wonder of childhood—a time of unspoiled joy and boundless possibilities. Just as the sunrise fades into the harsh light of day, childhood inevitably gives way to the realities of adulthood. The poet suggests that both are transient yet profoundly beautiful, evoking a sense of nostalgia and melancholy. The comparison highlights how childhood, like the sunrise, is a brief but radiant phase of life that leaves an indelible mark on the heart.

---

d) Is marriage different from other networks of relation? Give a reason. (Marriage as a Social Institution)

Yes, marriage is fundamentally different from other networks of relations due to its legal, economic, and social permanence. While friendships, familial bonds, or workplace relationships are often informal and fluid, marriage is a formal, legally sanctioned institution that carries legal obligations (e.g., inheritance, property rights, and spousal duties). Unlike casual relationships, marriage is permanent in intent, structured by societal norms, and often involves economic interdependence (e.g., shared finances, inheritance). Additionally, marriage is sanctioned by religious and state authorities, reinforcing its unique status as a lifelong commitment rather than a transient connection.

---

OR

How do the Hindu nativists oppose the claim of Chinese nationalists about human history and civilization? (Humility)

Hindu nativists, as discussed in "Humility" by Aurobindo Ghose, challenge Chinese nationalist claims about human history and civilization by asserting that India’s ancient civilization is older and more advanced than China’s. While Chinese nationalists often emphasize China’s historical achievements (e.g., the Great Wall, Confucianism), Hindu nativists argue that India’s contributions—such as the Vedas, Sanskrit literature, and early scientific advancements—predate China’s recorded history. They reject the idea that China is the sole cradle of civilization, instead highlighting India’s spiritual, philosophical, and cultural primacy. This opposition is rooted in a nationalistic pride that seeks to reclaim India’s rightful place in global history, countering foreign narratives that downplay its achievements.

---

e) Why is the play A Matter of Husbands a play of split personality? (A Matter of Husbands)

A Matter of Husbands by Bernard Shaw is a play of split personality because it explores the duality of human nature through its characters, particularly Mrs. Whitefield and Vivie Warren. The play critiques Victorian hypocrisy by revealing how individuals present contrasting public and private selves. For instance, Mrs. Whitefield appears as a pious, respectable woman in society but is later exposed as a manipulative and morally corrupt figure. Similarly, Vivie Warren, though initially portrayed as a righteous and independent woman, grapples with her own internal conflicts regarding morality and family loyalty. Shaw uses dual identities to expose the fractured nature of human character, where people often hide their true selves behind societal masks. The play’s title itself suggests that marriage and relationships are built on hidden, conflicting personalities, making it a drama of divided identities.