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Bio Biology

BiologyNEB 2076 (old course)

What is the function of the stomata in plants?

1

Answer

· Based on the official syllabus and past papers
Updated

Stomata are tiny pores found primarily on the lower epidermis of leaves, regulated by guard cells. Their primary functions include:

  1. Gas Exchange: Stomata facilitate the intake of carbon dioxide (CO₂) required for photosynthesis and the release of oxygen (O₂) and water vapor as byproducts.
  2. Transpiration: They regulate water loss through transpiration, which helps in nutrient transport, cooling the plant, and maintaining turgor pressure.
  3. Temperature Regulation: By controlling the opening and closing of stomata, plants manage internal temperature and prevent overheating.
  4. Mineral Uptake: Transpiration pull created by water loss through stomata aids in the ascent of sap from roots to leaves, ensuring mineral distribution.

Stomata typically open during the day (when photosynthesis occurs) and close at night or under water stress to conserve moisture. Their strategic placement and dynamic regulation are crucial for plant survival.

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