a) Write a short paragraph on the causes of drug addiction. [2] b) Write a letter to your teacher requesting him/her to reduce your fine for late submission of an assignment. [3]

a) Causes of Drug Addiction

Drug addiction is a complex issue influenced by a combination of biological, psychological, social, and environmental factors. Biologically, some individuals may have a genetic predisposition to addiction, making them more vulnerable to substance abuse. The brain’s reward system, which releases dopamine—a chemical associated with pleasure—can also be affected by drugs, leading to cravings and dependence.

Psychological factors such as stress, anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem often drive people toward drugs as a means of escape or temporary relief. Trauma, childhood abuse, or mental health disorders can further increase the risk of addiction. Social influences, including peer pressure, family history of substance abuse, and exposure to drug-using environments, play a significant role. Many young people start experimenting with drugs due to curiosity or to fit in with a certain social group.

Environmental factors like poverty, lack of education, and easy access to drugs also contribute to addiction. In some cases, societal pressures, such as academic stress or workplace demands, push individuals toward substance abuse as a coping mechanism. Additionally, the media and advertising often glamorize drug use, making it seem appealing, especially to impressionable youth.

Preventing drug addiction requires addressing these root causes through education, awareness campaigns, and providing support systems for vulnerable individuals.

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b) Letter to the Teacher Requesting Reduction in Fine

Sender's address & dateKathmanduDate: 2070/10/15

Receiver's name & addressMr. Bikram ThapaEnglish TeacherSt. Xavier's Secondary SchoolKathmandu

SubjectRequest for Reduction in Fine for Late Submission of Assignment

SalutationDear Sir,

Body

I hope this letter finds you in good health. I am writing to humbly request your consideration regarding the fine imposed on me for the late submission of the English assignment.

I sincerely apologize for the delay. Due to an unexpected family emergency, I was unable to complete the assignment on time. My grandmother fell ill suddenly, and I had to spend several days taking care of her. Although I tried my best to submit the work as soon as possible, I could not meet the deadline.

I understand that punctuality is essential, and I take full responsibility for my mistake. However, I kindly request you to reduce the fine or consider my circumstances, as I have learned from this experience and will ensure that such delays do not occur in the future.

I have attached the completed assignment for your review. I would be deeply grateful if you could grant me this small favor. Thank you for your time and understanding.

Closing & signatureYours sincerely,Ramesh AdhikariClass 11, Roll No. 7