a) Write a short paragraph on the causes of poverty. [2] b) Write a letter to your father requesting him to send you some money. [3]

Sender's address & dateKathmandu15th June, 2013

SalutationDear Father,

Body

I hope this letter finds you in the best of health and happiness. I am writing to you from my hostel in Kathmandu, where I have been studying diligently for my upcoming exams. I am doing well in my studies, but I am facing some financial difficulties that I would like to discuss with you.

As you know, the cost of living in Kathmandu is quite high. The tuition fees, hostel charges, and other expenses such as books, stationery, and transportation have been adding up. I have been managing with the money you sent last month, but I am running out of funds. I need some additional money to cover my expenses for the next few weeks until my next scholarship payment arrives.

I have been trying to save money by eating simple meals and avoiding unnecessary expenses. However, I still need around Rs. 5,000 to cover my expenses for the next month. I have been working hard on my studies, and I am confident that I will be able to maintain good grades if I receive this financial support. I promise to use the money wisely and responsibly.

I hope you are doing well in your work. Please take care of your health and let me know if there is anything I can do to help you. I look forward to hearing from you soon and receiving the money at the earliest convenience. Thank you for your understanding and support.

With love and regards,

Your loving son,

Ramesh Adhikari

Closing & signatureYour loving sonRamesh AdhikariClass 11, ScienceSt. Xavier's College, Kathmandu

a) Causes of Poverty

Poverty is a complex issue that affects millions of people worldwide, including Nepal. One of the primary causes of poverty is lack of education. Many people, especially in rural areas, do not have access to quality education, which limits their ability to secure well-paying jobs. Without proper education, individuals are often trapped in low-income, manual labor jobs, perpetuating the cycle of poverty.

Another significant cause is unemployment and underemployment. Many people in Nepal struggle to find stable, well-paying jobs due to a lack of skills, limited job opportunities, and economic instability. Even when jobs are available, they often pay very little, making it difficult for families to escape poverty.

Population growth is also a major factor. Nepal has a rapidly growing population, which puts immense pressure on limited resources such as land, food, and jobs. With more people competing for the same opportunities, poverty levels tend to rise.

Poor healthcare and lack of access to basic services further exacerbate poverty. Illnesses and medical expenses can quickly drain a family’s savings, pushing them deeper into poverty. Additionally, natural disasters like earthquakes, floods, and landslides often disproportionately affect poor communities, destroying their livelihoods and homes.

Economic inequality plays a crucial role as well. Wealth and resources are often concentrated in the hands of a few, while the majority struggle to meet their basic needs. Corruption, weak governance, and lack of social safety nets also contribute to the persistence of poverty in Nepal.

Lastly, global economic factors, such as trade policies and climate change, impact Nepal’s economy. Dependence on agriculture, which is vulnerable to climate fluctuations, and limited industrialization further hinder economic growth and poverty reduction efforts.

Addressing these causes requires a combination of education reform, job creation, population control measures, healthcare improvements, and strong governance to ensure sustainable development.