a) Write a summary of the following text: [3] [figure in the original paper] b) Write a paragraph on the causes and effects of deforestation. [2]

a) Summary of the Text (3 marks)

Assuming the text was about "The Importance of Reading" (a common NEB topic), here is a well-structured summary:

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Reading is an essential skill that enhances knowledge, improves vocabulary, and sharpens critical thinking. It helps individuals develop a deeper understanding of the world by exposing them to diverse perspectives and cultures. Regular reading also boosts creativity, reduces stress, and improves memory. Additionally, it plays a crucial role in academic success by improving comprehension and analytical skills. Despite its benefits, many people, especially young students, neglect reading due to distractions like social media and entertainment. Encouraging a reading habit from an early age can lead to lifelong learning and personal growth.

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b) Causes and Effects of Deforestation (2 marks)

Deforestation is the large-scale removal of forests without adequate reforestation. The primary causes include agricultural expansion, where forests are cleared for farming; urbanization and infrastructure development, such as roads and buildings; logging for timber and paper production; and mining activities, which destroy vast forest areas. Additionally, wildfires, both natural and human-induced, contribute significantly to deforestation.

The effects of deforestation are severe and far-reaching. It leads to loss of biodiversity, as many species lose their natural habitats. Deforestation also disrupts the water cycle, causing droughts and floods. It contributes to climate change by reducing the Earth’s ability to absorb carbon dioxide. Furthermore, indigenous communities that depend on forests for their livelihoods suffer from displacement and cultural loss. Sustainable forest management and reforestation efforts are crucial to mitigate these negative impacts.

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HeadingSummary of the Text

Body

Reading is a vital skill that enhances knowledge, vocabulary, and critical thinking. It fosters creativity, reduces stress, and improves memory. It is crucial for academic success by improving comprehension and analytical skills. Despite its benefits, many people, especially young students, neglect reading due to distractions like social media and entertainment. Encouraging reading from an early a