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Bio Biology

BiologyNEB 2075 (old course)

Mention the role of the 'corpus luteum'.

1

Answer

· Based on the official syllabus and past papers
Updated

The corpus luteum is a temporary endocrine structure formed in the ovary after ovulation. Its primary roles include:

  1. Secretion of Progesterone

    • After ovulation, the ruptured follicle transforms into the corpus luteum, which secretes progesterone to prepare and maintain the uterine lining (endometrium) for potential implantation of a fertilized egg.
    • Progesterone also inhibits further ovulation by suppressing follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).

  2. Support of Early Pregnancy

    • If fertilization occurs, the corpus luteum continues to secrete progesterone and estrogen for about 10–12 weeks until the placenta takes over hormone production.
    • Without fertilization, it degenerates into a corpus albicans (~10–14 days), leading to menstruation.

  3. Regulation of Menstrual Cycle

    • Its hormonal output helps sustain the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle, ensuring a suitable environment for embryo implantation.

Thus, the corpus luteum plays a critical role in reproduction by maintaining uterine conditions for pregnancy or triggering menstruation if conception does not occur.

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