BiologyNEB 2075 (old course)
What is 'eutrophication'? GROUP: B Short answer questions 8 × 5 = 40
1Answer
Eutrophication is the excessive enrichment of water bodies (lakes, rivers, or coastal areas) with nutrients—primarily nitrates (NO₃⁻) and phosphates (PO₄³⁻)—leading to uncontrolled algal growth (algal bloom). This process is accelerated by human activities such as:
- Agricultural runoff (fertilizers),
- Sewage discharge (domestic waste),
- Industrial effluents.
The dense algal blooms block sunlight, deplete dissolved oxygen during decomposition, and create hypoxic (oxygen-deficient) zones, killing aquatic life. Natural eutrophication occurs slowly over centuries, but cultural eutrophication (human-induced) accelerates the process, disrupting ecosystems and reducing water quality. It is a major environmental concern linked to dead zones (e.g., Gulf of Mexico).
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