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Bio Biology

BiologyNEB 2075 (old course)

What is the significance of the 'crassulacean acid metabolism' (CAM) pathway?

1

Answer

· Based on the official syllabus and past papers
Updated
CO₂ uptake at **night** → **↓ water loss**Stomata closed during **day** → **↓ transpiration**Water ConservationEfficient CO₂ fixation under **drought stress**Survival in dry climates (e.g., **cacti, succulents**)Adaptation to Arid EnvironmentsEnhances **photosynthetic efficiency**CO₂ stored as **malate** → **↓ photorespiration**Photorespiration AvoidanceMedicinal uses (e.g., **aloe vera**)CAM plants in horticulture (e.g., **orchids, bromeliads**)Economic ImportanceCAM Pathway Significance
Hierarchical breakdown of CAM pathway advantages (simplified for school-level understanding)

The Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) pathway is a specialized photosynthetic adaptation in certain plants (e.g., cacti, pineapples) that enhances survival in arid environments. Its significance includes:

  1. Water Conservation: Stomata open at night to absorb CO₂, minimizing daytime water loss via transpiration.
  2. Photorespiration Reduction: CO₂ is temporarily stored as malic acid, preventing photorespiration and improving photosynthetic efficiency.
  3. Drought Tolerance: Enables plants to thrive in low-water conditions by optimizing carbon fixation.
  4. Economic Value: CAM plants are commercially important in horticulture and potential biofuel production.

This pathway exemplifies evolutionary adaptations to extreme environments.

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