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Tribhuvan University

BSc CSITBachelor of Science in Computer Science and Information TechnologyBCABachelor of Computer ApplicationBITBachelor of Information TechnologyBIMBachelor of Information ManagementBBABachelor of Business AdministrationBBSBachelor of Business StudiesBBMBachelor of Business ManagementBITMBachelor of Information Technology Management

Pokhara University

BE Computer (PU)Bachelor of Engineering in Computer EngineeringBBA (PU)Bachelor of Business Administration (Pokhara University)

National Examinations Board (+2)

Class 10Class 10 (SEE)+2 Science+2 Science (Class 11 and 12)+2 Management+2 Management (Class 11 and 12)+2 Humanities+2 Humanities (Class 11 and 12)
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Elective Distributed and Object Oriented Database

Distributed and Object Oriented Database notes

6 chapter notes, in syllabus order. Each starts with the key points.

Unit 1 · 4 hrs

Distributed DB: Definitions, Architectures, Challenges & Real SystemsUnit 1 of Distributed and Object Oriented Database introduces core concepts of distributed databases—what they are, how they differ from centralized systems, their architectures (homogeneous/heterogeneous), key challenges (fault tolerance, replication, concurrency), and real-world implementations like eSewa’s transacti6 min read

Unit 2 · 4 hrs

Distributed DB Design & Access Control: Schemas, Fragmentation, Replication & SecurityUnit 2 of Distributed and Object Oriented Database covers distributed database design principles (horizontal/vertical fragmentation, replication strategies), access control models (discretionary/mandatory), and trade-offs between data locality, consistency, and security in real-world systems like eSewa or Ncell.13 min read

Unit 3 · 6 hrs

Query Processing, Decomposition & Localization in Distributed DBsUnit 3 of Distributed and Object Oriented Database covers how queries are processed across distributed databases, how they are decomposed into subqueries for local sites, and how localization techniques optimize performance. Learn fragmentation strategies, query optimization, and real-world applications like eSewa’s tr9 min read

Unit 4 · 8 hrs

Distributed Concurrency Control: Locks, Protocols & RecoveryUnit 4 of Distributed and Object Oriented Database explores how distributed databases maintain consistency and integrity when multiple transactions access shared data across sites, covering locking protocols, timestamp ordering, two-phase commit, and recovery techniques with real-world examples from Nepalese and global9 min read

Unit 5 · 6 hrs

Object Oriented Database: Models, Inheritance & QueryingUnit 5 of Distributed and Object Oriented Database covers OODBMS fundamentals—object models, inheritance hierarchies, encapsulation, and query languages (OQL)—with comparisons to relational databases, real-world applications in Nepal (e.g., NEPSE stock tracking), and exam-focused problem-solving techniques.10 min read

Unit 6 · 6 hrs

OODBMS Languages & Design: Queries, Methods, and SchemasUnit 6 of Distributed and Object Oriented Database explores how Object-Oriented Database Management Systems (OODBMS) use languages like OQL, methods, and design principles to model complex data hierarchies, inheritance, and relationships—with real-world examples from eSewa, NEPSE, and Google.9 min read