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Tribhuvan University

BSc CSITBachelor of Science in Computer Science and Information TechnologyBCABachelor of Computer ApplicationBITBachelor of Information TechnologyBIMBachelor of Information ManagementBBABachelor of Business AdministrationBBSBachelor of Business StudiesBBMBachelor of Business ManagementBITMBachelor of Information Technology Management

Pokhara University

BE Computer (PU)Bachelor of Engineering in Computer EngineeringBBA (PU)Bachelor of Business Administration (Pokhara University)

National Examinations Board (+2)

Class 10Class 10 (SEE)+2 Science+2 Science (Class 11 and 12)+2 Management+2 Management (Class 11 and 12)+2 Humanities+2 Humanities (Class 11 and 12)
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Elective Geographical Information System

Geographical Information System notes

7 chapter notes, in syllabus order. Each starts with the key points.

Unit 1 · 5 hrs

GIS Basics: Definitions, Components & ApplicationsUnit 1 of Geographical Information System introduces core GIS concepts, including its definition, components (hardware/software/data), real-world applications, and how it integrates spatial and attribute data to solve geographic problems.8 min read

Unit 2 · 5 hrs

Digital Mapping: Concepts, Visualization & Cartographic DesignUnit 2 of Geographical Information System explores how digital maps are created, structured, and visualized—covering map projections, symbolization techniques, cartographic design principles, and visualization tools like Google Earth and QGIS, with real-world applications in Nepal’s urban planning and disaster manageme12 min read

Unit 3 · 6 hrs

Spatial Data Structures & GIS Database DesignUnit 3 of Geographical Information System: Explores how spatial data is organized in GIS (vector vs. raster models, topological structures, spatial indexing) and database design principles (relational vs. object-oriented, schema design for spatial queries, and normalization techniques).7 min read

Unit 4 · 9 hrs

Data Acquisition, Quality & Management in GISUnit 4 of Geographical Information System covers how spatial data is collected (remote sensing, GPS, surveys), assessed for quality (accuracy, precision, completeness), and managed (metadata, standards, databases) to ensure reliable GIS applications.5 min read

Unit 5 · 10 hrs

Spatial Analysis: Techniques, Tools & ApplicationsUnit 5 of Geographical Information System explores core spatial analysis methods—buffering, overlay, network analysis, terrain modeling, and geostatistics—with real-world applications in urban planning, disaster management, and resource allocation, using tools like QGIS and ArcGIS.9 min read

Unit 6 · 3 hrs

Spatial Data Infrastructure: Frameworks, Standards & ApplicationsUnit 6 of Geographical Information System explores the architecture, standards, and real-world implementations of Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI), covering its components, governance models, and how it enables interoperability in GIS applications like disaster management, urban planning, and e-governance.20 min read

Unit 7 · 7 hrs

Open GIS: Standards, Tools & Spatial Data FreedomUnit 7 of Geographical Information System explores open-source GIS software (QGIS, GRASS), open data standards (OGC, GeoJSON), and spatial data infrastructure (SDI) for collaborative mapping, emphasizing interoperability, cost-effectiveness, and community-driven development in Nepal’s context.13 min read