Describe any two national objectives and any three national strategies of current plan of Nepal. [2+3]

National Objectives of the 15th Five-Year Plan (2081/82–2085/86)

The 15th Five-Year Plan (2081/82–2085/86) of Nepal, titled “Accelerating Transformation for Prosperity and Inclusion,” outlines key objectives to achieve sustainable development. Two major national objectives are:

1. Accelerating Inclusive and Sustainable Economic Growth

   • The plan aims to achieve an average annual GDP growth of 7.5% to reduce poverty and unemployment.
   • Focuses on job creation, especially for youth and women, through industrialization, agriculture modernization, and service sector expansion.
   • Emphasizes inclusive growth by prioritizing marginalized regions (e.g., Far-Western and Mid-Western provinces) through targeted infrastructure and social programs.

2. Ensuring Social Inclusion and Equity

   • Aims to reduce multidimensional poverty by improving access to education, healthcare, and basic services.
   • Promotes gender equality by increasing female workforce participation (target: 35% in formal employment) and ensuring women’s leadership in decision-making.
   • Strengthens social protection mechanisms (e.g., expanded Citizens’ Security Allowance, free education up to secondary level, and healthcare subsidies).

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National Strategies of the 15th Five-Year Plan

The plan adopts three key strategies to achieve its objectives:

1. Infrastructure Development for Connectivity and Productivity

   • Road and Transport: Expands the Trans-Himalayan Multi-Dimensional Connectivity Project to link Nepal with India and China, reducing trade costs.
   • Energy: Achieves universal electricity access (100% rural electrification) and increases renewable energy share to 40% of total energy mix.
   • Digital Connectivity: Rolls out 5G networks and expands broadband access to 80% of households to boost e-governance and digital economy.

2. Human Resource Development and Skill Enhancement

   • Education Reform: Implements competency-based curriculum in schools and vocational training programs aligned with industry needs.
   • Skill Development: Establishes 100 new Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) centers to train 500,000 youth in high-demand sectors (e.g., IT, tourism, construction).
   • Healthcare Upgradation: Strengthens primary healthcare centers and trains 10,000 additional healthcare workers to achieve Universal Health Coverage (UHC).

3. Climate Resilience and Environmental Sustainability

   • Adaptation Measures: Invests in flood control, landslide mitigation, and drought-resistant agriculture to protect 30% of critical ecosystems.
   • Renewable Energy Push: Increases solar and hydropower capacity by 3,000 MW to reduce reliance on fossil fuels.
   • Forest Conservation: Expands community forest programs to restore 1.5 million hectares of degraded land and combat deforestation.

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The plan integrates these strategies with provincial and local priorities, ensuring decentralized implementation through federal budget allocations and public-private partnerships (PPPs). The focus on technology, green growth, and social equity aligns with Nepal’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and regional commitments (e.g., BIMSTEC, SAARC).