ChemistryNEB 2074 (old course) (grade increment)
Which one is more stable and why Ortho Hydrogen or Para Hydrogen.
2Answer
Para hydrogen is more stable than ortho hydrogen.
Para hydrogen has antiparallel nuclear spins of its two hydrogen atoms, resulting in a lower rotational energy and thus a lower total energy state. This configuration minimizes repulsion between the protons, making it thermodynamically more stable. At room temperature, the equilibrium mixture contains 25% ortho and 75% para hydrogen, but at low temperatures (below 77 K), para hydrogen becomes dominant (over 99.8%) due to its greater stability. The energy difference arises from the nuclear spin statistics and rotational energy levels of the H₂ molecule.
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