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Padhai By Astra Cloud

Elective Network and System Administration

Network and System Administration notes

8 chapter notes, in syllabus order. Each starts with the key points.

Unit 1 · 4 hrs

Networking Basics: Models, Protocols & TopologiesUnit 1 of Network and System Administration covers foundational networking concepts—OSI/TCP models, protocol types, network topologies, and real-world applications—essential for understanding how data travels across systems.9 min read

Unit 2 · 8 hrs

Server Roles, OS Types, User Management & Security FundamentalsUnit 2 of Network and System Administration covers core server concepts: defining server roles (file, print, web, mail), comparing operating systems (Windows Server vs. Linux), managing users/groups, implementing security (firewalls, permissions), and configuring basic services. This note includes real-world examples, 12 min read

Unit 3 · 7 hrs

Network Config: Topologies, IP, Subnetting, Routing & SecurityUnit 3 of Network and System Administration covers how to configure networks by designing topologies, assigning IP addresses, subnetting for efficiency, configuring routers and switches, and securing network devices—essential skills for managing LANs, WANs, and cloud-connected systems.13 min read

Unit 4 · 3 hrs

DHCP: Leases, Scopes, and Client-Server WorkflowUnit 4 of Network and System Administration covers the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), explaining how devices automatically obtain IP addresses, subnet masks, default gateways, and DNS servers from a central server, its configuration (scopes, pools, reservations), and troubleshooting common issues.11 min read

Unit 5 · 7 hrs

DNS, Name Servers & Configuration: Domains, Zones, Records & TroubleshootingUnit 5 of Network and System Administration covers Domain Name System (DNS) architecture, name server roles (primary/secondary), record types (A, MX, CNAME), zone file configuration, and troubleshooting techniques—essential for mapping human-readable domain names to IP addresses in modern networks.21 min read

Unit 6 · 7 hrs

Web & Proxy Servers: Config, Security & PerformanceUnit 6 of Network and System Administration explores web server (Apache/Nginx) and proxy server (Squid) configurations, HTTP/HTTPS protocols, virtual hosting, caching, security hardening, and real-world deployment scenarios like eSewa’s payment gateway and Daraz’s CDN integration.11 min read

Unit 7 · 4 hrs

FTP, File & Print Servers: Protocols, Configurations & ServicesUnit 7 of Network and System Administration explores FTP (File Transfer Protocol), file servers (NFS/Samba), and print servers (CUPS/LPD), covering their architectures, configurations, security, and real-world deployments in Nepalese IT infrastructure like banks, universities, and e-commerce platforms.12 min read

Unit 8 · 5 hrs

Mail Server Basics: Protocols, Configurations & SecurityUnit 8 of Network and System Administration explores email infrastructure, covering SMTP/POP3/IMAP protocols, mail server types (sendmail, Postfix, Exchange), configuration steps, security measures (TLS, SPF, DKIM), and troubleshooting common issues like spam and delivery failures. Real-world examples include eSewa’s t9 min read