IT271 Networking and System Administration
Networking and System Administration notes
10 chapter notes, in syllabus order. Each starts with the key points.
Unit 1
System Admin: Roles, Tasks & OS FundamentalsUnit 1 of Networking and System Administration introduces the core responsibilities of a system administrator, the three main types of operating systems, and how they manage hardware, software, and users—essential for configuring and maintaining IT infrastructure in real-world environments like banks, e-commerce platfo14 min readUnit 2
Linux Installation, Boot Process, Package Mgmt & Admin ToolsUnit 2 of Networking and System Administration covers Linux installation methods (text/graphical), boot process stages (BIOS/UEFI → GRUB → kernel → init), package management (RPM, DEB, YUM/DNF, APT), and essential admin tools (top, htop, vmstat, iostat, crontab). Learn how to configure GRUB, manage bootloaders, and tro5 min readUnit 3
User & Group Management: Roles, Permissions & Linux CommandsUnit 3 of Networking and System Administration covers user/group creation, permission models (RWX), ownership, ACLs, and Linux commands (useradd, usermod, chmod, chown) with real-world examples from Nepali apps like eSewa and Ncell.11 min readUnit 4
File Systems, Storage Types, RAID, LVM, Partitioning & BackupUnit 4 of Networking and System Administration explores file systems (ext4, NTFS, FAT32), storage technologies (HDD, SSD, NAS), RAID configurations (0, 1, 5, 10), Logical Volume Management (LVM), disk partitioning, and backup strategies (full, incremental, differential) with real-world examples from eSewa, Daraz, and N12 min readUnit 5
Network Config: IP, Routing, Subnetting, Topologies & ProtocolsUnit 5 of Networking and System Administration covers IP addressing, subnetting, routing (static/dynamic), network topologies, and protocols (TCP/IP, ICMP, ARP). It explains how devices communicate, how to design efficient networks, and how to configure interfaces and routes in Linux/Windows.14 min readUnit 6
DNS & DHCP: Services, Protocols & Real-World NetworkingUnit 6 of Networking and System Administration covers DNS (Domain Name System) and DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol), explaining how they resolve human-readable domain names to IP addresses, automate IP assignment, and ensure seamless network communication. This note includes definitions, packet formats, proto12 min readUnit 7
Web & Mail Servers: Config, Protocols & SecurityUnit 7 of Networking and System Administration covers web servers (Apache/Nginx), mail servers (Postfix/Dovecot), protocols (HTTP/HTTPS, SMTP/IMAP), virtual hosting, security hardening, and troubleshooting—with real-world examples from eSewa, Ncell, and global platforms.7 min readUnit 8
Directory Services, Active Directory, Windows Server Roles & LDAPUnit 8 of Networking and System Administration explores centralized identity management (Active Directory), Windows Server roles (DNS, DHCP, file services), LDAP queries, Group Policy, and real-world deployments in Nepali enterprises like banks and universities.11 min readUnit 9
Network Monitoring & Backup: Tools, Strategies & RecoveryUnit 9 of Networking and System Administration covers proactive network monitoring (SNMP, syslog, Nagios), backup strategies (full/incremental/differential), disaster recovery plans, and real-world implementations in Nepali IT infrastructure like NTC’s network oversight and bank transaction logs.13 min readUnit 10
Firewalls, Security Policies, Encryption & Threat MitigationUnit 10 of Networking and System Administration covers firewall types (hardware/software), security policies (ACLs, least privilege), encryption (symmetric/asymmetric), threat detection (IDS/IPS), and real-world attack scenarios like SQL injection and DDoS—with hands-on examples from Nepali banks, eSewa, and Ncell.6 min read