IT271 Networking and System Administration
Networking and System Administration notes
10 chapter notes, in syllabus order. Each starts with the key points.
Unit 1
System Admin: Roles, Tools, OS & Network BasicsUnit 1 of Networking and System Administration introduces core concepts of system administration, including roles, responsibilities, operating systems, hardware/software layers, and basic networking principles essential for managing IT infrastructure.6 min readUnit 2
Linux Installation, Boot Process, Package Mgmt & CLI AdminUnit 2 of Networking and System Administration covers Linux installation methods (text/graphical), the boot process (GRUB, initramfs, runlevels), package management (RPM, DEB, yum/dnf/apt), and essential command-line administration (file operations, permissions, processes). Learn how to configure a minimal Linux system9 min readUnit 3
User & Group Management: Roles, Permissions, Commands & SecurityUnit 3 of Networking and System Administration covers user/group management in Linux/Windows systems, including creation, permissions, role-based access control (RBAC), and security best practices with practical examples from real-world IT environments.10 min readUnit 4
File Systems & Storage: Types, Hierarchies, and ManagementUnit 4 of Networking and System Administration explores file system architectures (FAT, NTFS, ext4), storage technologies (HDD/SSD/NAS), partitioning, RAID levels, and backup strategies—essential for system administrators managing data integrity, performance, and security in real-world deployments.6 min readUnit 5
Network Configuration: IP, Subnetting, Routing, Topologies & TroubleshootingUnit 5 of Networking and System Administration covers IP addressing (IPv4/IPv6), subnetting techniques, routing protocols (static/dynamic), network topologies, and troubleshooting tools like ping, traceroute, and ipconfig. Learn how to configure interfaces, design efficient networks, and resolve connectivity issues wit13 min readUnit 6
DNS & DHCP: Services, Protocols & Real-World SystemsUnit 6 of Networking and System Administration explores DNS (Domain Name System) and DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol), covering their roles in resolving hostnames to IPs, automating IP assignment, and managing network resources—critical for modern internet services like eSewa, Daraz, and Ncell.7 min readUnit 7
Web & Mail Servers: Apache, Postfix, SMTP, POP3, IMAP, HTTPS, DNS, SecurityUnit 7 of Networking and System Administration explores how web and email servers function, covering Apache/Nginx configurations, SMTP/POP3/IMAP protocols, email routing, HTTPS encryption, and security best practices with real-world examples from eSewa, Ncell, and global platforms like Gmail.6 min readUnit 8
Directory Services, Windows Server & Active DirectoryUnit 8 of Networking and System Administration explores Active Directory (AD) architecture, Windows Server roles, domain vs. workgroup models, Group Policy Objects (GPOs), and LDAP/NTLM authentication, with real-world examples from banks, NEPSE, and cloud services.9 min readUnit 9
Network Monitoring & Backup: Tools, Strategies & RecoveryUnit 9 of Networking and System Administration covers proactive network monitoring (SNMP, syslog, Nagios), backup strategies (full/incremental/differential), disaster recovery plans, and real-world tools like rsync, tar, and cloud backups. Learn how to diagnose failures, automate backups, and restore systems—with Nepal15 min readUnit 10
Firewall Rules, IDS/IPS, Encryption & Security PoliciesUnit 10 of Networking and System Administration covers firewall types (packet-filtering, stateful, NGFW), intrusion detection/prevention systems (IDS/IPS), encryption (symmetric/asymmetric), security policies, and real-world security threats like DDoS and malware—with hands-on examples from Nepali banks, eSewa, and Nce12 min read