Elective Research Methodology
Research Methodology notes
9 chapter notes, in syllabus order. Each starts with the key points.
Unit 1
Introduction to Business Research · note coming
Unit 2
Research Process & Problem Formulation: Steps, Types & Real-World ApplicationsUnit 2 of Research Methodology explores the systematic approach to identifying research problems, formulating research questions, and understanding the sequential steps in the research process—essential skills for tourism industry analysis and decision-making.16 min readUnit 3
Research Design: Types, Models & Selection CriteriaUnit 3 of Research Methodology explores the core of research design—its types (exploratory, descriptive, explanatory, experimental), models (qualitative, quantitative, mixed), and selection criteria—with real-world applications in tourism, business, and policy. Learn how to match designs to research problems, avoid pit20 min readUnit 4
Measurement & Scaling: Types, Levels & ApplicationsUnit 4 of Research Methodology explores how to quantify data in tourism research, covering measurement scales (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio), their applications in surveys and experiments, and scaling techniques (Likert, semantic differential, Guttman). Learn how to design valid and reliable measurement tools for 18 min readUnit 5
Sampling Design: Types, Methods & ApplicationsUnit 5 of Research Methodology explores sampling design, covering probability vs. non-probability sampling, sampling techniques (random, stratified, cluster, systematic), sample size determination, and ethical considerations in tourism research—with real-world examples from NTC, Daraz, and NEPSE.14 min readUnit 6
Data Collection Methods: Techniques, Tools & ApplicationsUnit 6 of Research Methodology explores primary and secondary data collection methods, their tools (surveys, interviews, observations, focus groups), ethical considerations, and real-world applications in tourism research—with visual comparisons, case studies (e.g., NTC’s customer satisfaction surveys), and exam-focuse15 min readUnit 7
Questionnaire Design: Types, Structure, and Best PracticesUnit 7 of Research Methodology explores how to design effective questionnaires for data collection, covering types (structured vs. unstructured), key components (introduction, body, closing), question formats (open-ended, closed-ended, scaled), and validation techniques, with real-world applications in tourism research13 min readUnit 8
Data Processing & Analysis: Techniques, Tools & InterpretationUnit 8 of Research Methodology explores how raw data is transformed into meaningful insights through coding, cleaning, statistical analysis, and visualization—essential skills for tourism research, from guest satisfaction surveys to NEPSE stock trend analysis.11 min readUnit 9
Hypothesis Testing: Types, Steps & Statistical AnalysisUnit 9 of Research Methodology explores hypothesis testing—how to formulate, test, and interpret hypotheses using statistical tools. Learn null/alternative hypotheses, significance levels, test statistics, and decision-making in research, with real-world applications in tourism, business, and policy analysis.11 min readUnit 10
Research Report Writing: Structure, Formatting & Best PracticesUnit 10 of Research Methodology explores the art and science of crafting a professional research report—from logical structure and formatting to ethical presentation—with real-world examples from Nepalese tourism and global brands like eSewa and Google.13 min read